A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this
day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military,
politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover
what happened today in history.
October 1
October 1
331BC | Alexander the Great decisively shatters King Darius III’s Persian army at Gaugamela (Arbela), in a tactical masterstroke that leaves him master of the Persian Empire. | |
1273 | Rudolf of Hapsburg is elected emperor in Germany. | |
1588 | The feeble Sultan Mohammed Shah of Persia, hands over power to his 17-year old son Abbas. | |
1791 | In Paris, the National Legislative Assembly holds its first meeting. | |
1839 | The British government decides to send a punitive naval expedition to China. | |
1847 | Maria Mitchell, American astronomer, discovers a comet and is elected the same day to the American Academy of Arts—the first woman to be so honored. The King of Denmark awarded her a gold medal for her discovery. | |
1856 | The first installment of Gustav Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary appears in the Revue de Paris after the publisher refuses to print a passage in which the character Emma has a tryst in the back seat of a carriage. | |
1864 | The Condor, a British blockade-runner, is grounded near Fort Fisher, North Carolina. | |
1878 | General Lew Wallace is sworn in as governor of New Mexico Territory. He went on to deal with the Lincoln County War, Billy the Kid and write Ben-Hur. His Civil War heroics earned him the moniker Savior of Cincinnati. | |
1890 | Yosemite National Park is dedicated in California. | |
1908 | The Ford Model T, the first car for millions of Americans, hits the market. Over 15 million Model Ts are eventually sold, all of them black. | |
1942 | The German Army grinds to a complete halt within the city of Stalingrad. | |
1943 | British troops in Italy enter Naples and occupy Foggia airfield. | |
1944 | The U.S. First Army begins the siege Aachen, Germany. | |
1946 | Eleven Nazi war criminals are sentenced to be hanged at Nuremberg trials—Hermann Goring, Alfred Jodl, Hans Frank, Wilhelm Frick, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Wilhelm Keitel, Joachin von Ribbentrop, Fritz Saukel, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Julius Streicher, and Alfred Rosenberg. | |
1947 | First flight of F-86 Sabre jet fighter, which would win fame in the Korean War. | |
1949 | Mao Zedong establishes the People’s Republic of China. | |
1957 | "In God We Trust" appears on US paper currency as an act to distinguish the US from the officially atheist USSR; the motto had appeared on coins at various times since 1864. | |
1958 | The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) replaces the 43-year-old National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in the US. | |
1960 | Nigeria becomes independent from the UK. | |
1961 | The Federal Republic of Cameroon is formed by the merger of East and West Cameroon. | |
1962 | The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson debuts; Carson will remain The Tonight Show host until 1992. | |
1964 | The first Free Speech Movement protest erupts spontaneously on the University of California, Berkeley campus; students demanded an end to the ban of on-campus political activities. | |
1964 | Japanese "bullet trains" (Shinkansen) begin high-speed rail transit between Tokyo and Osaka. | |
1971 | Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida, the second of Disney’s "Magic Kingdoms." | |
1971 | First CT or CAT brain scan performed, at Atkinson Morley Hospital in Wimbledon, London. | |
1974 | Five Nixon aides–Kenneth Parkinson, Robert Mardian, Nixon’s Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, and U.S. Attorney General John Mitchell–go on trial for conspiring to hinder the Watergate investigation. | |
1975 | Legendary boxing match: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in the "Thrilla in Manila." | |
1979 | US returns sovereignty of the Panama Canal to Panama. | |
1982 | First compact disc player, released by Sony. | |
1989 | Denmark introduces the world’s first "civil union" law granting same-sex couples certain legal rights and responsibilities but stopping short of recognizing same-sex marriages. | |
1991 | Siege of Dubrovnik begins in the Croatian War of Independence. | |
2009 | The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom takes over judicial functions of the House of Lords. | |
Born on October 1 | ||
1837 | Robert Gould Shaw, commander of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment during America’s Civil War. | |
1904 | Vladimir Horowitz, Russian-born American virtuoso pianist. | |
1924 | Jimmy Carter, 39th president of the U.S. (1977-1981) | |
1932 | Albert Collins, guitarist. | |
1935 | Julie Andrews (Julia Elizabeth Wells), actress and singer whose films include Mary Poppins and The Sound of Music. | |
1946 | Tim O’Brien, novelist (The Things They Carried, In the Lake of the Woods). | |
1947 | Dave Arneson, game designer; co-created Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game with Gary Gygax, establishing the roleplaying game genre. | |
1950 | Randy Quaid, actor (The Last Detail; won Golden Globe for his portrayal of Pres. Lyndon Johnson in LBJ: The Early Years). | |
1955 | Jeff Reardon, pro baseball pitcher known as "The Terminator" for his intimidating pitching mound presence and 98 mph fastball. | |
1963 | Mark McGwire, "Big Mac," pro baseball player who broke Roger Maris’ single-season home run record; admitted in 2010 to using performance-enhancing drugs throughout his career. | |
1964 | Max Matsuura (Masato Matsuura), record producer, president of Avex Group, one of Japan’s largest music labels. | |
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